logical fallacies and they all come down to bad proof, bad conclusion, and a disconnect between bad proof and conclusion. You should learn how to detect fallacies and get away with them if you choose to use them because if caught by your audience it can hurt your ethos.
False comparison two things are similar so they must be the same. Bad example, The example the persuader uses to prove a point is false, unbelievable, irrelevant, or wrongly interpreted. Ignorance as proof the lack of evidence is proof enough that something doesn't exist or the fact that a theory hasn't been disproved means it's true. Tautology logical redundancy in which the proof and the conclusion are the same thing.